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Intervalo de Tiempo Fecha: 21/Jul/2004 (14/Jul/04) |
Introducción
Casi siempre tenemos problemas cuando queremos trabajar ya sea con fechas u horas, creo yo que más de uno, nos hemos roto la cabeza tratando de solucionar este tipo de inconveniente, por ello he tratado de desarrollar este pequeño pero ilustrativo artículo donde muestro como podemos trabajar con estos tipos de datos en Visual Basic .Net.
Primero vamos recordar que dentro de SYSTEM (Espacio de Nombres) podemos localizar una serie de miembros que pueden ser Clases, Interfaces, Estructuras, Delegados y Enumeraciones que nos permiten realizar una serie de tareas, pero de quien nos vamos a centrar en este artículo es TIMESPAN (Estructura).
TimeSpan (Estructura)
Nos permite representar un intervalo de tiempo tomando como base una Fecha/Hora Inicial y una Fecha/Hora Final, devuelve la cantidad de Días, Horas, Minutos, Segundos, etc., transcurridos entre este intervalo de tiempo.
Hay que recordar la siguiente jerarquía.
System System.Object System.ValueType System.TimeSpan Estos son los requisitos para poder utilizarlo:
Espacio de Nombres: System
Plataformas: Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional Edition, Familia de Windows Server 2003, .NET Compact Framework - Windows CE .NETEnsamblado: Mscorlib (en Mscorlib.dll)
....Bueno ahora vamos ha realizar lo que más nos agrada, que es un ejemplo de como hallar el intervalo de tiempo transcurrido entre dos fechas/horas:
Primero; realizamos lo que conocemos como Tiempo de Diseño:
Interfaz: Debemos de crear un formulario con los siguientes controles.
....Ahora vamos a ver como debe de quedar el Explorador de Soluciones:
Segundo; ahora vamos a tratar de describir lo que llamamos el Tiempo de Ejecución:
Public Class FrmInterDateTime Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form Public flagestado As Boolean = False #Region " Código generado por el Diseñador de Windows Forms " Public Sub New() MyBase.New() 'El Diseñador de Windows Forms requiere esta llamada. InitializeComponent() 'Agregar cualquier inicialización después de la llamada a InitializeComponent() End Sub 'Form reemplaza a Dispose para limpiar la lista de componentes. Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) If disposing Then If Not (components Is Nothing) Then components.Dispose() End If End If MyBase.Dispose(disposing) End Sub 'Requerido por el Diseñador de Windows Forms Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer 'NOTA: el Diseñador de Windows Forms requiere el siguiente procedimiento 'Puede modificarse utilizando el Diseñador de Windows Forms. 'No lo modifique con el editor de código. Friend WithEvents Label1 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label2 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label3 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label4 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label5 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label6 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents Label7 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents TxtDTInicio As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TxtDtFinal As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TxtDia As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TxtHra As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TxtMin As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TxtSeg As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend WithEvents TimerTitulo As System.Windows.Forms.Timer Friend WithEvents TimerOpacity As System.Windows.Forms.Timer Friend WithEvents TimerOpacity2 As System.Windows.Forms.Timer Friend WithEvents CmdIntervalo As System.Windows.Forms.Button <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Private Sub InitializeComponent() Me.components = New System.ComponentModel.Container Dim resources As System.Resources.ResourceManager = New System.Resources.ResourceManager(GetType(FrmInterDateTime)) Me.Label1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label3 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label4 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label5 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label6 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.Label7 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label Me.TxtDTInicio = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.TxtDtFinal = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.CmdIntervalo = New System.Windows.Forms.Button Me.TxtDia = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.TxtHra = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.TxtMin = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.TxtSeg = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.TimerTitulo = New System.Windows.Forms.Timer(Me.components) Me.TimerOpacity = New System.Windows.Forms.Timer(Me.components) Me.TimerOpacity2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Timer(Me.components) Me.SuspendLayout() ' 'Label1 ' Me.Label1.AutoSize = True Me.Label1.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 16.0!, CType((System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold Or System.Drawing.FontStyle.Underline), System.Drawing.FontStyle), System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.RoyalBlue Me.Label1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(63, 8) Me.Label1.Name = "Label1" Me.Label1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(210, 28) Me.Label1.TabIndex = 8 Me.Label1.Text = "Intervalo de Tiempo" ' 'Label2 ' Me.Label2.AutoSize = True Me.Label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Crimson Me.Label2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(16, 48) Me.Label2.Name = "Label2" Me.Label2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(96, 16) Me.Label2.TabIndex = 1 Me.Label2.Text = "Fecha/Hora Inicial" ' 'Label3 ' Me.Label3.AutoSize = True Me.Label3.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Crimson Me.Label3.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(176, 48) Me.Label3.Name = "Label3" Me.Label3.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(91, 16) Me.Label3.TabIndex = 2 Me.Label3.Text = "Fecha/Hora Final" ' 'Label4 ' Me.Label4.AutoSize = True Me.Label4.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label4.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal Me.Label4.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(61, 96) Me.Label4.Name = "Label4" Me.Label4.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(31, 16) Me.Label4.TabIndex = 3 Me.Label4.Text = "Días:" ' 'Label5 ' Me.Label5.AutoSize = True Me.Label5.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label5.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal Me.Label5.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(53, 120) Me.Label5.Name = "Label5" Me.Label5.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(39, 16) Me.Label5.TabIndex = 4 Me.Label5.Text = "Horas:" ' 'Label6 ' Me.Label6.AutoSize = True Me.Label6.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label6.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal Me.Label6.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(43, 144) Me.Label6.Name = "Label6" Me.Label6.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(49, 16) Me.Label6.TabIndex = 5 Me.Label6.Text = "Minutos:" ' 'Label7 ' Me.Label7.AutoSize = True Me.Label7.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label7.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal Me.Label7.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(32, 168) Me.Label7.Name = "Label7" Me.Label7.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(60, 16) Me.Label7.TabIndex = 6 Me.Label7.Text = "Segundos:" ' 'TxtDTInicio ' Me.TxtDTInicio.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(16, 64) Me.TxtDTInicio.Name = "TxtDTInicio" Me.TxtDTInicio.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(144, 20) Me.TxtDTInicio.TabIndex = 1 Me.TxtDTInicio.Text = "08/07/2004 08:00:00 a.m." ' 'TxtDtFinal ' Me.TxtDtFinal.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(176, 64) Me.TxtDtFinal.Name = "TxtDtFinal" Me.TxtDtFinal.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(144, 20) Me.TxtDtFinal.TabIndex = 2 Me.TxtDtFinal.Text = "" ' 'CmdIntervalo ' Me.CmdIntervalo.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Navy Me.CmdIntervalo.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("CmdIntervalo.Image"), System.Drawing.Image) Me.CmdIntervalo.ImageAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.TopCenter Me.CmdIntervalo.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(208, 112) Me.CmdIntervalo.Name = "CmdIntervalo" Me.CmdIntervalo.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(72, 56) Me.CmdIntervalo.TabIndex = 0 Me.CmdIntervalo.Text = "&Hallar Intervalo" Me.CmdIntervalo.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.BottomCenter ' 'TxtDia ' Me.TxtDia.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(96, 96) Me.TxtDia.Name = "TxtDia" Me.TxtDia.ReadOnly = True Me.TxtDia.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(60, 20) Me.TxtDia.TabIndex = 9 Me.TxtDia.Text = "" Me.TxtDia.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right ' 'TxtHra ' Me.TxtHra.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(96, 120) Me.TxtHra.Name = "TxtHra" Me.TxtHra.ReadOnly = True Me.TxtHra.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(60, 20) Me.TxtHra.TabIndex = 10 Me.TxtHra.Text = "" Me.TxtHra.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right ' 'TxtMin ' Me.TxtMin.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(96, 144) Me.TxtMin.Name = "TxtMin" Me.TxtMin.ReadOnly = True Me.TxtMin.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(60, 20) Me.TxtMin.TabIndex = 11 Me.TxtMin.Text = "" Me.TxtMin.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right ' 'TxtSeg ' Me.TxtSeg.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(96, 168) Me.TxtSeg.Name = "TxtSeg" Me.TxtSeg.ReadOnly = True Me.TxtSeg.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(60, 20) Me.TxtSeg.TabIndex = 12 Me.TxtSeg.Text = "" Me.TxtSeg.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right ' 'TimerTitulo ' Me.TimerTitulo.Enabled = True Me.TimerTitulo.Interval = 300 ' 'TimerOpacity ' ' 'TimerOpacity2 ' Me.TimerOpacity2.Enabled = True ' 'FrmInterDateTime ' Me.AutoScaleBaseSize = New System.Drawing.Size(5, 13) Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(336, 200) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtSeg) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtMin) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtHra) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtDia) Me.Controls.Add(Me.CmdIntervalo) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtDtFinal) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TxtDTInicio) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label7) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label6) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label5) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label4) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label3) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label2) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label1) Me.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog Me.Icon = CType(resources.GetObject("$this.Icon"), System.Drawing.Icon) Me.MaximizeBox = False Me.Name = "FrmInterDateTime" Me.Opacity = 0 Me.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen Me.Text = "Intervalo de Tiempo - [email protected] " Me.ResumeLayout(False) End Sub #End Region Private Sub FrmInterDateTime_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load TxtDtFinal.Text = Now End Sub Private Sub VerInterDateTime(ByVal TSpan As TimeSpan) TxtDia.Text = TSpan.Days.ToString TxtHra.Text = TSpan.Hours.ToString TxtMin.Text = TSpan.Minutes.ToString TxtSeg.Text = TSpan.Seconds.ToString End Sub Private Sub TimerTitulo_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles TimerTitulo.Tick Me.Text = Microsoft.VisualBasic.Right(Me.Text, (Len(Me.Text) - 1)) + Microsoft.VisualBasic.Left(Me.Text, 1) End Sub Private Sub TimerOpacity_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles TimerOpacity.Tick Me.Opacity -= 0.05 If Me.Opacity = 0 Then flagestado = True Me.Close() End If End Sub Private Sub FrmInterDateTime_Closing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs) Handles MyBase.Closing If flagestado = False Then e.Cancel = True Me.TimerOpacity.Enabled = True End If End Sub Private Sub TimerOpacity2_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles TimerOpacity2.Tick Me.Opacity += 0.05 If Me.Opacity = 1 Then Me.TimerOpacity2.Enabled = False End If End Sub Private Sub CmdIntervalo_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles CmdIntervalo.Click Dim TSpan As TimeSpan Dim DTInicio As DateTime Dim DtFinal As DateTime DTInicio = DateTime.Parse(TxtDTInicio.Text) DtFinal = DateTime.Parse(TxtDtFinal.Text) TSpan = DtFinal.Subtract(DTInicio).Duration VerInterDateTime(TSpan) End Sub End Class Ahora simplemente nos queda ejecutar la solución para ver que todo este bien, espero que funcione sin ningún problema jeje ;).Espero poder publicar un artículo similar pero utilizando C# en los próximos días.
Me despido esperando haber contribuido con un granito de arena en este fascinante mundo .Net. Nos vemos líneas de código más adelante.
Fichero con el código de ejemplo: AlexTaya_InterDateTime.zip - Tamaño 14KB
